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01
一、民族类
@沪江英语四六级
常见篇章结构：
XX民族是中国少数民族之一，有…人口，分布于…。XX民族有自己的语言…，习俗为（穿着与文化等）…。最著名的节日是…。XX民族有自己独特的文化…。XX民族擅长…。
万能模板：
XX is one of the ethnic minorities in China. __________population, distributed in__________. XX nationality has its own language_________. Customs for (dress and culture,etc.)_________. The most famous festival is__________. XX nation has its own unique culture__________. XX nationality is good at__________.
模拟考题：
1、蒙古族
蒙古族是一个富有传奇色彩的民族，对亚欧历史进程产生过巨大的影响。全球蒙古民族共约有820万，主要分布在中国、蒙古国、俄罗斯三个国家。蒙古族服饰包括长袍、腰带、靴子、首饰等，但因地区不同在样式上有所差异。中国境内的蒙古族主要居住在内蒙古自治区，全区现有蒙古族人口约达380万。自古以来，蒙古族人善于骑射，素有"马背上的民族"（the People on Horseback)之称。
展开全文
参考译文：
Mongolia is a legendary nation that once had huge impact on the history of Asia and Europe. There are about 8.2 million Mongolian people in total in the whole world. They are mainly distributed in the three countries of China, Mongolia and Russia. Mongolian costumes include robes, belts, boots, jewelry, etc, that vary in different styles in different regions. Mongolians who live in the territory of China mainly reside in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, in which there are about 3.8 million Mongolian people. Since ancient times, Mongolian people are good at riding and shooting. They are known as "the People on Horseback".
2、维吾尔族
维吾尔族（Uygur)是中国的一个少数民族。维吾尔族人喜欢喝奶茶，吃肉和用面粉烤制的馕（nang)。他们有自己的语言和文字。他们的文学具有一种独特的民族风格，其中“阿凡提的故事” （the Story of Afanti)深得中国各族人民的喜爱。维吾尔族是个能歌善舞的民族，每逢节日和婚礼，他们都会邀请客人和他们一起跳传统民间舞蹈。他们的民歌优美动听，被广泛传唱。
参考译文：
The Uygur is a Chinese ethnic minority. Uygur people like to drink milk tea, eat meat and nang baked with flour. They have their own spoken and written languages. Uygur literature is of a unique ethnic style, among which the Story of Afanti is favored by all ethnic groups in China. The Uygur people are good at singing and dancing. They will invite guests to join them in their traditional folk dance in festivals and wedding ceremonies. Their folk songs sound beautiful and are widely sung.
02
二、景点建筑
@沪江英语四六级
常见篇章结构：
XX位于中国某省某地方。有……年的历史，占地面积为……，是中国最……的景点。XX始建于……朝代，当时用于……。XX已经被列为……，吸引了世界各地的游客。
万能模板：
XX is located in the province of a local Chinese. There____________. The history of the year, covers an area of_______________is China’s most__________ Scenic spots. XX was built in________________Dynasty, then used___________. XX has been listed as___________. Attracts tourists from all over the world.
比如：景德镇被称作"中国瓷都"，已经有1700多年的历史。Jingdezhen has a history of over 1,700 years, which is known as the capital of porcelain in China.
代表考题：
1、乌镇（2016.6四级）
乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河河畔。这是一处迷人的地方，有许多古桥、中式旅店和餐馆。在过去一千年里，乌镇的水系和生活方式并未经历多少变化，是一座展现古文明的博物馆。乌镇所有房屋都用石木建筑。数百年来，当地 沿着河边建起了住宅和集市。无数宽敞美丽的庭院藏身于屋舍之间，游客们每到一处都会有惊喜的发现。
参考译文：
Located on the riverside of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, Wuzhen of Zhejiang Province is an ancient water town. It is a fascinating place with many bridges, Chinese hotels and restaurants. Over the past millennium, the water system and the way of life in Wuzhen has not changed much. Wuzhen is a museum of ancient civilization. All the houses of Wuzhen are built of stone and wood. For centuries, the locals built dwellings and markets along the river. Countless beautiful and spacious courtyards hide between houses. Visitors will be taken by pleasant surprise wherever they go.
2、深圳（2016.6六级）
深圳是中国广东省一座新开发的城市。在改革开放之前，深圳不过是一个渔村，仅有三万多人。20世纪80年代，中国政府创建了深圳经济特区，作为实施社会主义市场经济的超级实验田。如今，深圳的人口已经超过1000万，整个城市发生了巨大的 变化。
到2014年，深圳的人均(per-capita)GDP已达25000美元，相当于世界上一些发达国家的水平。就综合经济实力而言，深圳居于中国顶尖城市之列。由于其独特的地位，深圳也是国内外企业家创业的理想之地。
参考翻译：
03
三、传统文化
@沪江英语四六级
常见篇章结构：
中国XX，最早起源于…多年前的…时期。每年…前后，人们都要…，以营造…气氛。后来，在中国人眼中，…象征着…，在文化传统中…，已经成为…的象征符号。
万能模板：
Chinese ___________, originated in the __________ period _____________years ago. Every year before and after____________, people want to____________ , in order to create a____________atmosphere. Later, in the eyes of the Chinese people,___________ is a symbol of____________, in the cultural tradition of_____________ , has become a symbol of___________.
比如：中国灯笼，最早起源于1800多年前的西汉时期。Chinese lanterns first originated in Western Han Dynasty some 1,800 years ago.
代表考题：
(1)功夫（2016.6四级）
功夫(Kung Fu)是中国武术(martial arts)的俗称。中国武术的起源可以追溯到自卫需要、狩猎活动以及古代中国的军事训练。它是中国传统体育运动的一种，年轻人和老年人都练。它已逐渐演变成了中国文化的独特元素。它作为中国的国宝，功夫有上百种不同的风格，是世界上练得最多的武术形式。有些风格模仿了动物的动作，还有—些则受到了中国哲学思想、神话和传说的启发。
参考译文：
Kung Fu is commonly known as the Chinese martial arts, the origin of which can be traced back to the need of self-defense, hunting activities and military training in ancient China. It is one kind of Chinese traditional sports. The young and the old often practice it. It has gradually evolved into the unique elements of Chinese culture. As a national treasure of China, there are hundreds of different styles for Kung Fu, which is most common forms of martial arts. Some of styles imitate the movement of the animals, and some are inspired by Chinese philosophy, myths and legends.
2、旗袍
旗袍(qipao)是一种雅致的中国服装，源于中国的满族(Manchu Nationality)。在清代，旗袍是王室女性穿的宽松长袍。上世纪20年代，受西方服饰的影响，旗袍发生了一些变化。袖口（cuffs)变窄，袍身变短。这些变化使女性美得以充分展现。如今，旗袍经常出现在世界级的时装秀上。中国女性出席重要社交聚会时，旗袍往往是她们的首选。很多中国新娘也会选择旗袍作为结婚礼服。一些有影响的人士甚至建议将旗袍作为中国女性的民族服饰。
参考译文：
Qipao, an exquisite Chinese clothing, originates from China's Manchu Nationality. In the Qing Dynasty, it was a loose robe for the royal women. In the 1920s, influenced by Western clothing, it went through many changes. For example, the cuffs went narrower, and the dress got shorter. These changes enabled Qipao to fully elaborate women' s beauty. Nowadays, Qipao quite often appears on world-class fashion shows. It is usually the first choice for Chinese women as they attend social parties. Meanwhile, many Chinese brides will select it as their wedding dress. Some influential personalities even suggest making it as the national costume for Chinese women.
04
四、社会热点
@沪江英语四六级
常见篇章结构：
XX现象是指…，它在中国很常见，是因为 …。…指出，到…年，…的数字将达到...。
万能模板：
__________phenomenon refers to the __________ , which is very common in China, because ___________. __________pointed out that by___________,the number of __________will reach_________.
比如：中国政府的独生子女政策是在1978年才实施的。The Chinese Government’s One Child Policy was put into effect only in 1978.
代表考题：
1、 中国城市化（2015.6六级）
2011年是中国城市化(urbanization)进程中的历史性时刻，其城市人口首次超过农村人口。在未来20年里，预计约有3.5亿农村人口将移居到城市。如此规模的城市发展对城市交通来说既是挑战，也是机遇。中国政府一直提倡“以人为本”的发展理 念，强调人们以公交而不是私家车出行。它还号召建设"资源节久和环境友好型"社会。有了这个明确的目标，中国城市就可以更好地规划其发展，并把大量投资转向安全、清洁和经济型交通系统的发展上。
参考译文：
The year of 2011, in which the urban population excesses rural population for the first time, is the historical year in the process of China' s urbanization. It’s predicted that there will be about 350 million rural population migrating to the urban areas in the next 20 years. Such a large scale of migration to the city is both an opportunity and a challenge to the urban transportation. The Chinese government always claims the idea of people-oriented development, and emphasizes the priority of public vehicles over private cars. It also appeals to build a society which is resources conserved and environmental friendly. With this specific goal, the Chinese can make better plan of its urbanization and convert large amount of its investment to the development of safe, clear and economical transport system.
2、 空巢老人
目前，我国半数家庭中有空巢老人。大中城市中，空巢家庭占比高达70%。空巢老人一般是指子女长大离家后的中老年人。全国老龄委预测，从2015到2035年，我国将进入急速老龄化阶段，老年人口将从 2.12亿增加到4.18亿，占比升至29%。从 旧时的四世同堂到如今的核心家庭，中国社会的家庭模式经历了巨大变迁。每当假期结束，子女又要离家时，空巢老人会感到很难过，感到万分孤独，甚至出现分离焦虑。这是空巢老人特有的节后综合征。
参考译文：
Now about half of the country's households have empty-nesters, and the figure is about 70% in large and medium-sized cities. Empty nesters generally mean parents whose children have grown up and left home, and also can call "left behind" seniors. According to China Aging Problem National Commission, from 2015 to 2035, our country will become rapidly aging, elderly population will add up from 212 million to 418 million up to 29%. From four generations living under one roof to nowadays nuclear family with just the young couple and a kid. The family model of Chinese society has undergone great changes. When the holiday is over and the children are ready to leave home, the empty-nesters will have a hard time and feel they are in solitude and isolation, and even appeared the separation anxiety. This is the peculiar post-holiday blues of the empty nesters.
05
五、经济类
@沪江英语四六级
常见篇章结构：
伴随着……的发展，中国的经济形势… …。以……为例，……的发展是以……为代价的。
万能模板：
Along with the development of ___________, China’s economic situation___________. Taking__________as an example, the development of ___________is at the expense of__________.
代表考题：
1、 中国经济的发展（2014.12六级）
中国自20世纪70年代实行改革开放政策以来，经济一直以惊人的速度发展。粮食、肉类、钢等工农业产品的产量一直在显著增长;原子能(atomic energy)、计算机技术、航空航天(aviation and aerospace) 技术等方面也已经达到世界先进水平。预计到21世纪中叶，中国将基本实现现代化，达到中等发达国家的水平。目前，中国经济发展水平的地区差异较大，东部沿海地区比较发达，而西部地区相对不那么发达。中国正在进行西部大开发(Western Development Strategy）,以缩小各地区的经济发展差异。
参考译文：
Since China implemented the reform and opening-up policy in the 1970s, its economy has kept developing at a remarkably high speed. The output of the industrial and agricultural products, such as grain, meat and steel, has been growing markedly. And the technologies of atomic energy, computer, aviation and aerospace have reached the world advanced level. It is predicted that China will basically realize modernization and reach the level of the medium-developed countries by the middle of the 21st century. Currently, China’s economic level varies widely among regions. The areas along the east coast in China are fairly developed, while those in the west are comparatively underdeveloped. Due to this, China is carrying out the Western Development Strategy so as to narrow down the economic gaps between different regions.
2、 中国制造（2015.12六级）
最近，中国政府决定将其工业升级，中国现在涉足建造高速列车、远洋船舶、机器人，甚至飞机。不久前，中国获得了在印度尼西亚（Indonesia)建造一条高铁的合 同；中国还与马来西亚（Malaysia)签署了为其提供高速列车的合同。这证明人们信赖中国造产品。
中国造产品越来越受欢迎。中国为此付出了代价，但这确实有助于消除贫困，同时还为世界各地的人们提供了就业机会。这是一件好事，值得称赞。下次你去商店时，可能想看一看你所购商品的出产国名。很有可能这件商品是中国造的。
参考译文：
Recently, the Chinese government has decided to upgrade its industry. Now it is involved in constructing high-speed train, ocean ship, robot, even planes. Not long ago, China got the contract of building a high-speed train in Indonesia. At the same time, China also got the contract of providing high-speed trains with Malaysia. It proves that people believe in the products made in China. Chinese-made goods has become more and more popular. China has paid a price for this, but it not only helps to eliminate poverty, but also provides job opportunities to people around the world. It is a good thing that is worthy of praise. When you go to the stores next time, you may want to know where the product you bought is produced. It is very likely that it is made in China.
06
六、文学作品
@沪江英语四六级
常见篇章结构：
《XX》是……时期由……编写。本书一共 包括……，主要讲述了……。它体现了… …，是一部……文学巨著。
万能模板：
"___________" is written in the___________ period by___________. The book includes a total of ____________, mainly about the ___________. It reflects the ____________, ___________ is a literary masterpiece.
比如：《红楼梦》写于18世纪，是中国著名的古典小说。Written in the 18th century, A Dream of Red Mansions is a famous classical novel.
模拟考题：
1、《红楼梦》
《红楼梦》（A Dream of Red Mansions)是曹雪芹在18世纪中期的作品。它不仅是一部中国小说的巨作，同时也是世界文学的瑰宝。曹雪芹出生于一个由极富没落到极贫的贵族权势家族。基于他对生活的理解、进步的思想、认真的写作态度和高超的写作技能，他才能创作出《红楼梦》。这本书描述了一个封建大家庭的生活及其没落，小说中所写的家庭既是现实的反映，又是曹雪芹自己家庭的小说化或者"梦"般的写照。
参考译文：
A Dream of Red Mansions was written by Cao Xueqin in the middle of the 18th century. It is not only a great Chinese novel but also a gem of world literature. Cao Xueqin was born into a noble and powerful family which declined from extreme prosperity to poverty. Based on his own understanding of life, his progressive ideas, serious writing attitude and excellent writing skill, he was able to create A Dream of Red Mansions. The book describes the life and declining fortunes of a large feudal family, which is both a realistic reflection and a fictional or "dream" version of Cao's own family.
2、 四书五经
四书五经是中国儒家的经典书籍，是儒家思想的核心载体，体现了儒家思想的核心价值和 想体系。
①四书包括《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》、《孟子》。明清时期，四书成为科举考试的核心科目。
②五经是儒家作为研究基础的五本古代经典书籍的合称，包括《诗》、《书》、《礼》、《易》 和《春秋》。
③西汉时期，儒被国教化，五经也因此变得更加重要，明清时期被用作科举考试的教科书。四书五经是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，更是中国历史文化古籍中的宝典。它在世界文化史、思想史上也具有极高的地位。
参考译文：
The Four Books and the Five Classics are the classic books and the main carriers of Confucianism, illustrating the core value and ideological systems of Confucianism. The Four Books include The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius, and Mencius. They were, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, made the core of the official curriculum for the imperial civil examinations. The Five Classics is a collective name given to five ancient classics which were used by Confucianism as its basis of study, namely The Book of Songs, The Book of History, The Book of Rites, The Book of Changes, and The Spring and Autumn Annals. During the Western Han Dynasty, Confucianism was adopted as the state ideology, making the Five Classics even more important. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Five Classics were used as textbooks for the imperial civil examinations. The Four Books and the Five Classics are not only an integral part of traditional Chinese culture but also treasured books of Chinese historical and cultural classics. They also rank very high in the cultural and intellectual history of the world.
07
七、节日类
@沪江英语四六级
常见篇章结构：
XX节日是中国的传统节日，在农历…月…天，有…年的历史。在这一天，人们会… …，也会…。
万能模板：
_________Festival is China's traditional festival in the lunar___________(month)__________(day), there are_________years of history. On this day, people will__________ , will___________.
比如：元宵节是在阴历的正月十五，猜灯谜是节日的重要部分。The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the 1st Lunar month. Guessing lantern riddles is an essential part of the festival.
代表考题：
1、中秋节（2013.12六级）
中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收，这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似，过中秋节的习俗与唐代早期在中国各地开始流行，中秋节在农历八月十五，是人们拜月的节日，这天夜晚皓月当空，人们合家团聚，共赏明月。2006年，中秋节被列为中国的文化遗产，2008年又被定为公共假日，月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食，人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。传统的月饼上带有"寿"(longevity)、“福”或“和”等字样。
参考译文：
Since ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid-Autumn, which is similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in the North America. The tradition of celebrating Mid-Autumn festival became popular throughout China in the early Tang dynasty. The lunar August 15 is a day for people worshiping the moon. On this day, under the dazzling bright moon, families reunite and enjoy the moon' s beauty. In 2006, Mid-Autumn festival was listed as one of China's cultural heritages, and in 2008, it was classified as a public holiday. Moon cakes, as indispensable delicious food of the festival, were gifts people sent to families and friends during the festival and usually eaten on family gatherings. There are characters of “longevity”,“a good fortune” and “harmony" on the traditional moon cakes.
2、元宵节
每年农历的正月十五是元宵节。早在两千多年前的西汉时期(the Western Han Dynasty), 元宵节就已经成为一个具有重要意义的节日。在这天，人们制作各种漂亮的灯笼、设计有趣的灯谜；同时多种表演，如舞龙灯、舞狮子、踩高跷（walking on stilts)等也会上演。和其他中国传统节日—样，元宵节也有特定的食品，叫“汤圆 (glue pudding) ”。汉语中，汤圆和“团圆”发音相似，代表着家庭团圆、和谐和快乐。
参考译文：
The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the 1st lunar month. As early as more than 2,000 years ago, in the Western Han Dynasty, it had become a festival with great significance. On the Lantern Festival, Chinese people craft many types of beautiful lanterns and create many interesting lantern riddles. At the same time, performances such as dragon lantern dance, lion dance and walking on stilts will be staged. Just like China’s other traditional festivals, the Lantern Festival also has its own special dish— “Tangyuan, a glue pudding”. Tangyuan has a similar pronunciation with 'tuanyuan (reunion)" in Chinese, representing reunion, harmony and happiness for the family.
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