以上是《哈利·波特与魔法石》(英文版)中的一段文字,按照严格的英语语法规则,上述内容在语法方面并不规范,一个句子中出现了多个简单句并列且无连词连接的现象。对于文学作品,语法方面似乎要求没有那么严格,但英语类教辅一定要严格遵循语法规则,以免给读者造成误导,使其形成错误的语法概念。
以下列举几个常被错当作连词使用的副词,我们需要在日常编校英语类稿件的时候予以注意。
1.
then
then的词性有形容词和副词,用作副词时,它有“然后,接着”的意思。我们常在稿件中看见类似如下这种表述:
He got up, then he washed his face.(他起床了,然后他洗了脸。)
其实这是不符合语法规则的,副词没有连接功能,不能用来连接两个简单句。上述错例可以有如下几种改法:
(1)He got up, and then he washed his face.
(2)He got up. Then he washed his face.
(3)He got up; then he washed his face.
这里介绍一下英文中分号的用法。与中文一样,英文中的分号用于分隔地位平等的独立句。在某些情况下,使用分号比使用句号更显出句子之间的紧密联系。此外,句子中如果已经使用了逗号,为了避免歧义,就用分号来分隔并列的内容。例如:
The employees were Mr. Zhao, the manager; Mr. Hu, the engineer; and Miss Yuan, the secretary.
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2.
therefore, thus, hence
副词therefore、thus、hence都有“因此”的意思,它们也常被错用作连词,例如:
(1)He’s only 17, therefore, he is not eligible to vote.(他只有17岁,因此,他没有投票选举的资格。)
(2)We do not own the building, thus, it would be impossible for us to make any major changes to it.(我们不是这栋楼房的业主,因此,我们不能对它进行大改动。)
(3)We suspect they are trying to hide something, hence we need to make an independent inquiry.(我们怀疑他们在企图隐瞒什么,因此我们需要进行独立调查。)
以上错例的修改方法可以参照上述then错例的修改方法。如:“He’s only 17. Therefore, he is not eligible to vote.”“We do not own the building; thus, it would be impossible for us to make any major changes to it.”“We suspect they are trying to hide something. Hence we need to make an independent inquiry.”此外,上述错例还可以有如下改法:
(1)He’s only 17, so he is not eligible to vote.
(2)We do not own the building, so it would be impossible for us to make any major changes to it.
(3)We suspect they are trying to hide something, so we need to make an independent inquiry.
so有连词的词性,意思是“因此,所以”,用它来替换上述错例中的therefore、thus、hence,不会使句意发生改变。
3.
however, nevertheless
副词however、nevertheless都有“然而,不过”的意思。在日常使用时,我们常常把它们与but相混淆,从而将其错用作连词。例如:
(1)We thought the figures were correct, however, we have now discovered some errors.(我们原以为这些数据正确,不过我们现在发现了一些错误。)
(2)There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the rules, nevertheless, it is important that we try.(我们几乎没有可能改变规则,不过,重要的是我们要努力争取。)
上述错例可以修改为:
(1)We thought the figures were correct; however, we have now discovered some errors. / We thought the figures were correct, but we have now discovered some errors.
(2)While there is little chance that we will succeed in changing the rules, it is important that we try. / There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the rules. Nevertheless, it is important that we try. / Though there is little chance that we will succeed in changing the rules, it is important that we try.
修改方法还有很多,这里不再一一列举。编辑工作需要的是细心、耐心和孜孜以求的精神,希望以上内容能为大家提供一点儿借鉴,让我们在未来的工作中不断精进专业技能,共同进步!
文章作者:薛源