英语音标:48个国际音标
音节与音节划分知识
1. 音节
以元音为主体构成的发音单位,一般说来元音发音响亮,可以构成音节,辅音发音不响亮,不能单独构成音节([m] [n] [ŋ ] [l]例外)。
从单词拼写形式上看,有几个元音字母就有几个音节。
2. 音节的划分
① 在重读音节和非重读音节的相邻处有两个辅音字母时,一个辅音字母组属于前面的音节,一个属于后面的音节。
例如:let-ter,mem-ber,chil-dren,daugh-ter
② 在重读和非重读音节的相邻处只有一个辅音字母时,如果前面重读音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节,如果重读音节里的元音是短音,则辅音字母属于重读音节。
例如:
长音 pa-per,stu-dent,fa-ther,ze-ro,mo-tor,far-ther
短音 sev-en,stud-y,moth-er,ver-y,mod-le ,weath-er
3. 重读音节
单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。
4. 开音节
展开全文
① 绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅音字母的重读音节。
例如:no,blue,ba-by,stu-dent,se-cret
② 相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。
例如:name,these,bike,home,excuse
5. 闭音节
单个元音字母后面有辅音字母(r、w、y 除外)且以辅音字母结尾的重读音节。
例如:bag,egg,fish,not,cup
6. 双音节词重读规则
① 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。
例如:stu-dent,Chi-na,sec-ond,au-tumn
② 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。
例如:a-bout,be-fore,ex-cuse,re-pair,for-get-ful,in-ven-tor
7. 多音节词重读规则
多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。
例如:el-e-phant
词尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。
例如:scien-tific,im-pression,na-tion
英语单词拼读规则
1、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母
读 音
例 词
a
在开音节中
[ei]
name plane Jane baby cake
在闭音节中
bag dad hat map black back
e
在开音节中
[i:]
he these me Chinese
在闭音节中
[e]
bed let pen desk yes egg
i
在开音节中
[ai]
bike fly drive time nice kite
在闭音节中
[i]
fish big drink sit milk swim
o
在开音节中
[əu]
those close go hoe home no
在闭音节中
clock not box shop sock
u
在开音节中
[ju:]
student excuse duty Tuesday
在闭音节中
bus cup jump much lunch
在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super
2、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母
读 音
例 词
a
China another woman breakfast
[i]
orange comrade village cabbage
e
hundred student open weekend
[i]
chicken pocket begin children
i
[i]
holiday beautiful family animal
[ai]
exercise satellite
o
second tonight somebody welcome
[əu]
also zero photo
u
autumn diffcult
[ju:]
popular congratulation January
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue
在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 既可以读作[ə]音可以读作[i]音。
3、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母
读 音
例 词
a在[w]音后面
want what watch wash quality
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前
after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
i在-nd -ld和gh前
[ai]
find child light high
o在-st -ld前
[əu]
most postcard old cold
o在m n v th前
come monkey love mother
4、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组
读 音
例 词
ar ar在[w]音后面
car farm dark sharpener
warm quarter towards
or or在[w]音后面
forty morning short
word worker worse
er ir ur
certainly bird Thursday
辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如:carry sorry hurry
-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[ə]音,例如:dollar teacher forget Saturday
5、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组
读 音
例 词
are
care dare hare
ere
[iə]
here mere
ire
[aiə]
fire hire wire
ore
more score before
ure
[juə]
pure cure
are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[tʃə]音或[ʒə],例如:picture pleasure
重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音。 例如:parent zero story during inspiring
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。 例如:orange very American paragraph
6、元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组
读 音
例 词
ai/ay
[ei]
afraid rain wait day play
air
air hair chair pair repair
alal在f m前
[ɔ:l]
small ball talk wall all
[ɔ:l]
always also salt almost
half calm
au/aw
autumn daughter draw
ea
[i:]
teach easy cheap please
[e]
heavy bread sweater weather
[ei]
break great
ear
[iə]
hear dear near clear year
bear pear wear swear
earth learn early
ee
[i:]
jeep week green three
eer
[iə]
pioneer deer beer
ei/ey
[ei]
eight neighbour they
[i:]
either key
eu/ew在 j l r s后
[ju:]
new few newspaper
[u:]
flew brew jewelry
ie/ei[s]音之后
[i:]
piece field receive
oa
[əu]
coat Joan boat goal
oar/oor
roar board door floor
oi/oy
[ɔi]
noise point boy toilet
oo
[u:]
broom food tooth school
[u]
book look cook foot good
ou/ow
[au]
flower house count down
[əu]
know row throw though
young country enough
[u:]
group you soup
our
course your four
[auə]
our hour ours
journey
ui 在j l r s后
[ju:i]
fluid suicide tuition suit
[u:]
juice fruit
7、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组或字群
读 音
例 词
ai/ay ei/ey
[i]
Sunday foreign monkey
ow
[əu]
yellow sparrow tomorrow
-sion -tion
[ʃən]
impression nation
-sion在元音字母后
[ʒən]
vision decision occasion
-tion在s后
[tʃən]
question suggestion
-sten
[sn]
listen
-stle
[sl]
whistle
-sure
pleasure measure
-ture
[tʃə]
picture culture
-sion -tion
[ʃən]
impression nation
-sion在元音字母后
[ʒən]
vision decision occasion
-tion在s后
[tʃən]
question suggestion
-sten
[sn]
listen
-stle
[sl]
whistle
-sure
pleasure measure
-ture
[tʃə]
picture culture
8、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。 例如: everyday[ei] handbag[æ] blackboard[ɔ:]
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。 例如: sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天 holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日 break中断 + fast[a:]斋戒 > breakfast[ə]早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[ɔ:] > cupboard[ɔ:] 碗柜
9、辅字组的读音
辅字组
读 音
例 词
b
[b]
bike bus bag
bomb tomb
c c在e前或在i/y前
[k]
cake picture coat music
[s]
face decide cinema
ch
[tʃ]
much chick rich teacher
[k]
school headache chemistry
machine Chicago
-ck
[k]
cock pocket black knock
d
[d]
doctor bread hand day
-dge
[dʒ]
bridge fridge
dr-
[dr]
children driver drink
f
[f]
five four breakfast
g g在e i/y前
[g]
bag gardon go
[dʒ]
orange large German
gh
[f]
cough enough photo
light daughter high
gu- -gue gu在非重读音节中
[g]
guess league dialogue
[gw]
language anguish
h
[h]
hot head house hand
hour honest
j
[dʒ]
jeep jar joke join July
k
[k]
kind bike skate make week
kn-
[n]
knife know knock
l
[l]
life milk school tall
m
[m]
monkey come autumn
-mn
[m]
autumn column solemn
n n在[k] [g]音前
[n]
not shine ten note
uncle thank hungry
-ng
[n]
morning young wrong
p
[p]
paper plane pig ship pen
ph
[f]
elephant photo telephone
q
[k]
Iraq
qu-
[kw]
quality quite
r
[r]
red rubber ruler
s在词首或清辅音前 元音字母间或浊辅音前
[s]
sit sleep desk
[z]
music husband
sc-
[sk]
scar
[s]
muscle science
sh
she fish shirt wash
t在通常情况下 在弱读字母ia ie io前
[t]
ten letter meet
patient nation
tch
[tʃ]
watch
th在通常情况下 在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 在词尾-the -ther中
thin thirty method
the these with than
clothe father weather
tr-
[tr]
tree train country truck
v
[v]
very voice love leave
w
[w]
week win wake sweet wait
answer two
wh- wh-在字母o前
[w]
what when white why
[h]
who whose whole
x 在重读元音前
[ks]
box text exercise
[gz]
examle exist exact
wr-
[r]
write
y-
[j]
yes yard yellow young
z
[z]
puzzle zero zoo
标签:小学英语
编辑:小英
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