本文目录
研究生论文的文献综述格式模板
一、学位论文的一般格式和顺序
紧接英文页面之后的学位论文独创性声明和使用授权声明(见附件一)需要由研究生本人亲笔签名，学位论文需要提交电子版以便于数据库管理和网上查阅。有保密要求不宜公开的论文由导师申请，院系审核，经校保密工作委员会审查后，提交研究生学位办公室批准后同意保密，保密期后自动承认使用授权声明，并予以公开。
硕士学位论文一般在三万字以上，博士学位论文一般在五万字以上。文字采用中文简体;除艺术、古籍等个别经研究生院特许的情况外不得采用繁体字。鼓励采用中英文双语写作，但上交国家及校图书馆的论文必须用中文。
本格式主要适用于理、工、医、管学科的学位论文和一般的文科论文，特殊情况经研究生院批准后执行。
(一)论文题目
论文题目是论文全貌的集中体现，应能概括整个论文最重要的内容，命题必须确切、简明，题目应力求简单，也不应宽泛笼统，应能看出论文的实质性内容和工作重心。中文题名一般不超过20个汉字，必要时可加副题名。副题名可另起一行，用破折号与主题名隔开。题名中应避免使用非公知公用的缩略语、字符、代号以及结构式和公式。
可公开交流的学位论文应有英文题名。英文题名另起一页，排印在英文授予单位前，其间用“a dissertation submitted to”(硕士学位论文用“a thesis submitted to”)作为标志，后面注明学位类别、研究生姓名、导师姓名、日期等。英文题名格式见研究生院主页下载区→研究生学位→英文页面格式。
(二)论文摘要(提要)
论文摘要包括题名、硕士(博士)研究生姓名、导师姓名、学校名称、正文、关键词。中文约500字左右，英文约200~300词左右，二者应基本对应。它是论文内容的高度概括，应说明研究目的、研究方法、成果和结论，要突出本论文的创造性成果或新的见解、用语简洁、准确，并在论文摘要后注明本文的关键词3至8个。关键词应为公知公用的词和学术术语，不可采用自造字词和略写、符号等，词组不宜过长。
英文摘要采用第三人称单数语气介绍该学位论文内容，目的是便于其他文摘摘录，因此在写作英文文摘时不宜用第一人称的语气陈述。叙述的基本时态为一般现在时，确实需要强调过去的事情或者已经完成的行为才使用过去时、完成时等其他时态。可以多采用被动语态，但要避免出现用“this paper”作为主语代替作者完成某些研究行为。中国姓名译为英文时用汉语拼音，按照姓前名后的原则，姓、名均用全名，不宜用缩写。姓全用大写，名的第一个字母大写，名用双中文字时两个字的拼音之间可以不用短划线，但容易引起歧义时必须用短划线。例如“冯长根”译为“feng changgen”或“feng chang-gen”，而“冯长安”则必须译为“feng chang-an”。论文英文封面上的署名也遵守此规定。
(三)目录
目录是论文的大纲，它反映论文的梗概。论文目录要求层次清楚，应将论文的章节按顺序编好页码，页码居页面的右侧并排列整齐。
(四)本论文专用术语(符号、变量、缩略词等)的注释表(任选)
如果有必要可以设置此注释表。此部分内容可根据论文中采用的符号、变量、缩略词等专用术语加以定义和注释，以便于论文阅读和迅速查出某符号的明确含义。
(五)正文
正文是学位论文的主体。内容可因研究课题的性质不同而有所变化。一般可包括：文献综述、理论基础、计算方法、实验方法、经过整理加工的实验结果的分析讨论、见解和结论。
正文一律用阿拉伯数字编排页码，页码在底部居中。正文之前的摘要、目录等内容单独编排罗马数字页码。
1.绪论(前言)
本研究课题国内外已有的重要文献的扼要概括，阐明研究此课题的目的、意义，研究的主要内容和所要解决的问题。本研究工作在国民经济建设和社会发展中的理论意义与实用价值。
2.文献综述
在查阅国内外文献和了解国内外有关科技情况的基础上，围绕课题涉及的问题，综述前人工作情况，达到承前启后的目的。要求：(1)总结课题方向至少2017年以来的国内外动态;(2)明确前人的工作水平;(3)介绍目前尚存在的问题;(4)说明本课题的主攻方向。文献总结应达到可独立成为一篇综述文章的要求。
3.理论分析、数值计算或统计分析
利用研究生本人所掌握的理论知识对所选课题进行科学地、严密地理论分析、数值计算或统计分析，剖析课题，提出自己的见解。
4.实验原理、实验方法及实验装置
学位论文要求对实验原理、方法、装置、步骤和有关参数有较详细的阐述，以便评阅人及答辩委员会审核实验的可靠性，并能对试验进行重复以便验证结果的可靠性，也为以后的研究者提供一个较完整的研究方法。
5.实验结果及讨论分析
列出数据的图或表，并对数据结果进行讨论，对比分析、结果推论要严格准确，避免采用模棱两可的评定语言。对反常的数据要保留并做解释或者说明，不可随意剔除数据做出有违科学公正的行为。 (一)、本科生毕业论文文献综述模板 (二)、人力资源管理论文开题报告范文 (三)、大学生毕业论文开题报告范文（两篇） (四)、市场营销专业论文开题报告范文（三篇） (五)、大学生个人职业规划论文结束语（十篇） (六)、大学生个人职业规划论文范文（三篇） (七)、大学生职业规划论文3000字（四篇） (八)、大学生形势与政策论文4000字 (九)、北京工业大学经济与管理学院祝合良教授在《人民日报》发表理论文章 (十)、大学生毕业论文通用谢辞范文（十篇） ;
学术论文英文摘要模板
下面是关于学术论文英文摘要模板，希望对你们有帮助。
Abstract
Since Dewey developed the concept of “critical thinking”, many scholars abroadhave carried out a series of studies about improving students’ critical thinking skills ineducation field. In the 1980s,critical thinking became the target of higher educationprograms in such foreign countries as the US and Canada. It has gained its widespreadattention in China only in recent years. But there are only few studies about it ineducation field. Our traditional English teaching method pays much attention to thetraining of students’ linguistic knowledge and language skills but ignores thecultivation of students’ critical thinking abilities. In the process of skill practice,teachers often stress the importance of memorizing vocabulary and imitating skillsrigidly,but neglect the students’ abilities in analyzing problems and putting forwardinnovative solutions. Therefore, English writing teaching is affected by this andmerely attaches emphasis to train students’ reading and writing skills. There are fewstudies which aim at systematically cultivating students’ analysis, synthesis, summary,comparison and reasoning skills while they are writing. Therefore,this study aims atdesigning some writings tasks and teaching strategies which can be used to fostercollege students’ critical thinking awareness and promote students’ all-rounddevelopment.
According to six critical thinking skills,this study was carried out by requiringstudents to hand in an argumentation. All participants in this study are non-Englishmajor college freshmen from a 211 key university. The revised version of Rubric forQualitative Critical Thinking Skills Instrument was used in this study. Withquantitative and qualitative analysis,writing experiment is conducted within a wholesemester to collect data concerning students’ learning behavior. Reading-to-write isused in experimental class while traditional method is adopted in control class. Thewriting scores by the experimental and control class were statistically processed bysoftware SPSS 19.0. And also the interview was launched in some of students inexperimental class to assess students’ critical thinking abilities reflected in theirwritings-The final analysis indicated that EGAP writing model exerted a significantlypositive influence in improving students’ critical thinking skills, especially in arousingstudents’ writing enthusiasm and critical thinking awareness. Compared with controlclass, students in experimental class made big progress in writing competence. Inaddition, this study put forward some reform proposals to the teaching of Englishwriting. The study is of great value to instruct students to employ critical thinkingskills in their writing.
Abstract
A large body of research has been conducted on the effects of technology-enhancedEnglish vocabulary learning since the 1960s (Marty, 1981)。 However, no consensus hasbeen reached yet (Choo, Lin, & Pandian,2012; Mohsen & Balakumarohsen, 2011)。
Despite the fact that some narrative reviews have evaluated and explored thesecontradictory results, this study aims at quantifying the overall effectiveness oftechnology-enhanced English vocabulary learning with a different approach to review:meta-analysis and performing in-depth moderator analyses of learning method and testtype further.
Totally, twenty effect sizes from thirteen pieces of primary research are obtainedafter collecting related literature published or unpublished in recent ten years via fourchannels and selecting through three filters. Later, all the primary research is coded anddata are computed in random-effects model with software ComprehensiveMeta-Analysis.
Results show that: (1) Technology has a positively large effect on Englishvocabulary learning according to Cohen’s standards as proposed in 1992 (g = 1.26,witha 95% confidential interval of )。 (2) Learning methods (intentional learning,incidental learning, and integrated learning) have impacts on the overall effectiveness.
Heterogeneity exists in the three learning methods (g = 9.22,p = 0,01 《 0.05)，Effectiveness of intentional learning, incidental learning and integrated learning is ^ =0.61, g 二 2.14, g = 0.98 respectively. Incidental learning under technology-enhancedenvironment yields the largest effectiveness on English vocabulary learning. (3) Testtypes (recognition tests, recall tests,recognition + recall tests) also have impacts on theoverall effectiveness. The three test types are heterogeneous as well {Q = 17.04, p =0.000 《 0.05)。 Recognition tests, recall tests, and recognition + recall tests have effectsizes of 3.59,0.71 and 0.37 respectively. Technology-enhanced English vocabularylearning achieves the largest effectiveness in recognition tests.
Abstract
The present study, which is based on the Competing Values Framework (i.e. CVF:a framework to identify the organizational effectiveness and to define organizationalculture)， aims to investigate English teachers, teaching motivation at universities, theirperception of the organizational culture in the target university,their professionalaspiration and how they affect each other. The research questions to be addressed are asfollows: (1) How do the English teachers perceive the organizational culture at theirworkplace? (2) How much effort will the teachers pay for their professionalengagement and aspiration? (3) What kinds of motivation do the English teachers in thetarget university appear to have? (4) How will the organizational culture and theprevious experience affect teachers’ motivation?
This study employed four different questionnaires as the research instruments,including one demographic questionnaire and three research questionnaires, i.e. thedemographic questionnaire, the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (i.e. theOCAI) (Cameron & Quinn, 1999)，the Professional Engagement and CareerDevelopment Aspiration-scale (i.e. the PECDA-scale) (Watt & Richardson, 2008b)，andthe Work Tasks Motivation Scale for Teachers Teaching (i.e. the WTMST) (Fernet et al.,2008)，to investigate the above mentioned research questions. The whole investigationtook roughly 12 weeks and involved three stages: the preparation stage,the pilot study,and the main study.
The findings of the present study show that most of the teachers are intrinsicallymotivated and with identified regulation influenced by the performance culture and theclan culture which are the dominant culture types of the target research site. Results alsoindicate that the overseas experience and length of teaching experience affect teachers’perception of tixe organizational culture and motivation. The participants who haveoverseas experience tend to be more with the sense of professionalism, moreintrinsically motivated and be more confident with their competence in the academicarea; and the ones who have longer years of teaching experience are with moreidentified regulation and introjected motivation and are more committed and moreassured of staying in the education field. The participants in the target universitybasically belong to the highly engaged persisters,and the male teachers expect to be theleadership.
Abstract
Owing to the economic, social and academic needs as well as the advantages of EGAP(General Academic Purpose in Chinese College English) itself, there exist 这 great deal ofnecessity and feasibility for applying English for EGAP class. It is our understanding thatwriting plays an extremely important role in the course of EGAP and genre is a quiteinfluential factor in improving students5 writing competency. However,the investigation ofstudents’ current writing situation shows that being deeply influenced by traditional writingteaching methods which emphasize grammar and vocabulary; the students have littleknowledge about genre approach theoretically or systematically and lack the awareness ofgenre. Because of this,it becomes necessary to put forward an English writing teachingapproach which is effective as well as applicable to the situation in China so as to enhancetheir writing competence.
This paper firstly gives a brief introduction to the developing trend of EGAP bydiscussing its necessity and applicability in China and the main views of two schools of genretheory, the tiieoretical foundation and genre-based approaches of three main schools of genrestudy and practice. And also,their characteristics are compared and the adaptability inChinese College EGAP class is analyzed, based on which it puts forward a modifiedGenre-based approach in EGAP writing class in order to enhance students’ genre awarenessand improve their writing skills.
To achieve this, two non-English major classes of freshmen in East China University ofScience and Technology (ECUST) have been selected as the experimental class andcontrolled class, and the research lasts one semester. The Genre-based approach is applied inthe experimental class following a modified Genre-based approach. And a comparison hasbeen made on the same subject at the beginning and the end of the semester and thecomparison and contrast between the experimental class and controlled class have also beenmade. Owing to various factors,such as learning motivation, different students show variedextent of acceptance to certain teaching approaches. Therefore, emphasis has not only beenput on the overall changes,but also on the individual differences.
There are three hypotheses:
1. Can Genre-based approach enhance students’ genre awareness? 2. Can “genreawareness” really improve students’ writing ability in EGAP? If the students can get overallimprovement, is there any difference in gender and the students with diverse learningaptitudes because of the individual difference? If some students fail to improve, what’s thepossible reason behind it? 3. Will Chinese students accept and adapt to Genre-basedApproach?
Three sets of data from six writing assignments, writing in final-term examination andquestionnaires are collected and analyzed with the help of the software SPSS 19.0. And thestudy indicates that: (1) Genre-based approach has a significant effect in sensitizing students’genre awareness, improving holistic writing competence; (2) during the whole experimentalprocess, girls have a stable superiority over boys, however, boys’ improvement fluctuation iscomparatively obvious; (3) students of medium efficiency have the greatest potential to makebig improvement; (4) Unavoidably, in this research there are some students who fail to gainimprovement in terms of writing ability or get changed in terms of writing notions, andthrough analysis it has been found that the main objective reasons are: the difficulty ofwriting itself,the differences of culture and ways of thinking between east and west,thelimited teaching period, etc.; and subjective reasons mainly come from: the limitedcompetence of students themselves, the lack of interest in English writing, etc(5) aoverwhelming majority of students are liable to accept this approach and able to adapt to itpretty well, yet acceptation is not absolutely accompanied by adaptation; (6) feedback is adispensable part in English writing teaching, and more specific feedback will bring strongermotivation in students’ self-correcting and developing;In the end,the author presents some limitations in her research and hopes that this cangive some hints and tips to further research in EFL writing classes.
Abstract
In college English listening & speaking classrooms, language and other semioticsystems cooperate together to help students construct meaning. It can be reflected inthe design of textbooks and the use of audios, videos and images, etc. Thus, in thisthesis, the theoretical foundation is the theory of multimodal discourse analysis (MDA)derived from Systemic Functional Linguistics and Social Semiotics. The essence ofMDA is that other semiotic resources such as: images, audios, etc. are as important aslanguage in the meaning-making system. Visual Grammar, Acoustical Grammar andthe integrated frameworks of MDA are the main analysis approaches in this thesis.
Meanwhile, the results of the teaching investigation and the MDA for textbooksare the practical foundation for the multimodal teaching design, providing feasibleand effective suggestions in this thesis. According to the results, it can be concludedthat students have more or less realized multimodality in this course and argue thatmultimodality should be used in moderation; multimodal classroom activities, socialcontent, etc. should be brought into the class; teachers should remind students to payattention to images, fonts change and other multimodal factors in textbooks.
Therefore, when conducting the multimodal teaching design, attention should bepaid to: (1) Modalities influence each other with clear priorities in this course. (2)Words modality and acoustical modality are the primary modalities, while othermodalities are just used as tools to provide supplementary information and to improveteaching efficiency. (3) The chosen modalities should provide supplementaryinformation to make the learning material more easily understood and help studentsconcentrate. Then, on the basis of the above principles and the writer’s teachingexperience, a sample teaching design has been worked out, then its’ feasibility andeffectiveness have been verified by an empirical study with the method of interview.
Abstract
Degree adverbs play a crucial role in daily language communication. However,owing to their wide varieties and similar meanings, it is hard for language learners toreally master their meanings and usages.
With the aid of AntConc 3.4.lw and based on the corpora of FROWN (TheFreiburg-Brown Corpus of American English)，FLOB (The Freiburg-LOB Corpus ofBritish English) and CLEC (Chinese Learner English Corpus)， the study aims tocompare the actual use of common English degree adverbs in terms of semanticprosody between Chinese EFL learners and native English speakers. The researchprocedures consist of two steps. First, AntConc 3.4.lw is launched to extractconcordance lines of the target node words in each corpus and the semantic featuresof the node words’ collocates are analyzed; then, the semantic prosodies of these nodewords are summarized and comparisons are made between the two corpora.
The results indicate that there are differences as well as similarities betweennative English speakers and Chinese learners in their use of semantic prosody.
Chinese EFL learners tend to underuse the negative semantic prosodies of fairly,highly, and totally?,overuse the negative semantic prosodies of extremely; and misusethe semantic prosody of terribly. The results also show that some problems exist inChinese learners’ use of semantic prosodies of degree adverbs, and the reasons mayinclude their first language transfer, intralingual transfer, and the lack of informationabout the semantic prosody in dictionaries and textbooks.
论文的内容提要怎么写
首先，清楚期刊内容摘要必备的四个基本要素。
目的：指出研究的范围、目的、重要性、任务和前提条件，不是主题的简单重复。
方法：简述课题的工作流程，研究了哪些主要内容，在这个过程中都做了哪些工作，包括对象、原理、条件、程序、手段等。
结果：陈述研究之后重要的新发现、新成果及价值，包括通过调研、实验、观察并剖析其不理想的局限部分。
结论：通过对这个课题的研究所得出的重要结论，包括从中取得证实的正确观点，进行分析研究，比较预测其在实际生活中运用的意义，理论与实际相结合的价值。
其次，撰写期刊论文摘要需要注意事项。
1、“精练”不是“简略”
工作中经常能看到稿件的摘要简洁到只有一两句话，对论文所报道的研究工作只是泛泛地一句带过，论文的研究信息如过程、结果和结论要么叙述太笼统要么就没有介绍，重要数据或研究因素被语言精练得“简略”掉了，这时的摘要实际上不能独立表达论文的中心思想，没有提供什么有价值的信息，不能作为独立的信息进行交流，失去了摘要的真正意义。需要强调的是部一般对论文摘要写作都有250左右的字数。
2、信息“完整”不是“罗嗦”
有些作者不能把握好摘要写作中信息完整性和摘要长度控制之间的关系，当注意摘要信息完整性时总是担心说不清楚而把背景信息、修饰性词语都用上，使得摘要罗嗦冗长。
3、摘要不是前言的简单复制
摘要与论文的前言在功能上和内容上是不同的，有些作者在写摘要时只是将文章的前言简单的复制，虽花费了许多笔墨， 却未涉及到论文的实质性信息，显然难以简明、确切地表达出论文的核心内容， 抓不住要害，自然也难以有较高的信息价值。撰写摘要是为了浓缩信息，供读者判定取舍阅读全文，供二次文献采用。而撰写前言是为了让读者了解此项实验或研究的来龙去脉、纵向和横向的发展状况，将读者引入正文的阅读，也就是起个引路的作用。摘要写的是实验研究的目的、方法、结果和结论。而前言是着重写在本领域中前人所作的工作，本领域中仍存在的知识空白，作者的设想及预期结果。
4、摘要不能丧失了独立性与自明性
在实践中我们经常发现，有的摘要出现了只有依赖正文或参考文献才能理解的代码和符号；有的包括了参考文献、化学结构式、公式及其他非公知公用的名词术语和缩略语；有的摘要冗长，语言不精练，着墨于无关紧要的细节上。这无疑会给读者的阅读和理解带来困难，严重影响摘要功能的发挥，使其不能作为独立的信息进行交流。
最后，提高期刊论文摘要的写作技巧。
1、摘要要注重一个“全”字
科技论文摘要必须准确而完整地体现研究目的、方法、结果和结论4要素，摘要的开头应写出反映论文主题的主题句。主题句外的写作顺序一般是目的、方法、结果、结论和其他信息，如需突出结果和结论，写作顺序可以变通为主题句、结果、结论和其他。
2、摘要应讲究一个“精”字
必须用词确切、文句简明扼要，切忌言之无物，衍文赘语，做到字斟字酌，惜墨如金。切忌用“大约”、“可能”、“似乎”等模棱两可的字眼。
3、摘要应突出一个“新”字
摘要既要全面、简明地反映全文主要内容，更要突出反映该项实验、研究的新观点、新理论、新设计、新材料、新方法。不应叙述常识性知识、一般的论点、材料和方法，也不要叙述现成的文献资料以及还没有进行的实验研究工作。
4、摘要的撰写形式要规范
（1）摘要要用第三人称的写法或省略主语，可采用“对……进行了研究”、“报告了……现状”、“进行了……调查”等记述方法标明一次文献的性质和主题。忌用“本文”、“作者”、“本试验”、“我们”等作为主语，明显不符合摘要写作要求。
（2）摘要应注重文体的客观性，不应加进自己的主观意想，不应对摘要的内容进行注解和评论。摘要中不应出现“值得推广”、“值得借鉴”、“受到×××一致好评”、“国内一流”、“世界先进水平”等词语。
（3）摘要起始语句不可简单重复题名中已有的信息，摘要不应是正文的补充、注释、总结，也不可加进原文以外的解释或评论。
（4）摘要的表述应以文字叙述为主除了实在无法变通以外，一般不用数学公式和化学结构式，不出现插图、表格，尽量不使用非规范单位或缩略语。
毕业论文的摘要该怎么写
毕业论文标准格式模板
