本文目录
文献综述模板
文献综述是对某一方面的专题搜集大量情报资料后经综合分析而写成的一种学术论文，它是科学文献的一种。文献综述是反映当前某一领域中某分支学科或重要专题的最新进展、学术见解和建议的它往往能反映出有关问题的新动态、新趋势、新水平、新原理和新技术等等。
文献综述与“读书报告”、“文献复习”、“研究进展”等有相似的地方，它们都是从某一方面的专题研究论文或报告中归纳出来的。但是，文献综述既不象“读书报告”、“文献复习”那样，单纯把一级文献客观地归纳报告，也不象“研究进展”那样只讲科学进程，其特点是“综”，“综”是要求对文献资料进行综合分析、归纳整理，使材料更精练明确、更有逻辑层次；“述”就是要求对综合整理后的文献进行比较专门的、全面的、深入的、系统的论述。总之，文献综述是作者对某一方面问题的历史背景、前人工作、争论焦点、研究现状和发展前景等内容进行评论的科学性论文。
格式与写法
文献综述的格式与一般研究性论文的格式有所不同。这是因为研究性的论文注重研究的方法和结果，特别是阳性结果，而文献综述要求向读者介绍与主题有关的详细资料、动态、进展、展望以及对以上方面的评述。因此文献综述的格式相对多样，但总的来说，一般都包含以下四部分：即前言、主题、总结和参考文献。撰写文献综述时可按这四部分拟写提纲，再根据提纲进行撰写。
前言部分，主要是说明写作的目的，介绍有关的概念及定义以及综述的范围，扼要说明有关主题的现状或争论焦点，使读者对全文要叙述的问题有一个初步的轮廓。
主题部分，是综述的主体，其写法多样，没有固定的格式。可按年代顺序综述，也可按不同的问题进行综述，还可按不同的观点进行比较综述，不管用那一种格式综述，都要将所搜集到的文献资料归纳、整理及分析比较，阐明有关主题的历史背景、现状和发展方向，以及对这些问题的评述，主题部分应特别注意代表性强、具有科学性和创造性的文献引用和评述。
总结部分，与研究性论文的小结有些类似，将全文主题进行扼要总结，对所综述的主题有研究的作者，最好能提出自己的见解。
参考文献虽然放在文末，但却是文献综述的重要组成部分。因为它不仅表示对被引用文献作者的尊重及引用文献的依据，而且为读者深入探讨有关问题提供了文献查找线索。因此，应认真对待。参考文献的编排应条目清楚，查找方便，内容准确无误。
开题报告中的拟解决的关键问题是什么
开题报告中拟解决的关键问题指的是对该题目的应用意义做出的猜想，即通过这个立项旨在解决什么样的实际问题。
拟解决的关键问题包括项目研究时可能遇到的最主要的、最根本的关键性困难，明确的问题要有准确、科学的估计和判断，并采取可行的解决方法和措施。例如，通过本研究，旨在解决XXX如何在实际生活中进行应用的，其应用机制具体是什么样的；实际运行的效率如何等。
扩展资料
开题报告撰写时应当明确的事项：
① 研究的目标。只有目标明确、重点突出，才能保证具体的研究方向，才能排除研究过程中各种因素的干扰。
② 研究的内容。要根据研究目标来确定具体的研究内容，要求全面、详实、周密，研究内容笼统、模糊，甚至把研究目的、意义当作内容，往往使研究进程陷于被动。
③ 研究的方法。选题确立后，最重要的莫过于方法。假如对牛弹琴，不看对象地应用方法，错误便在所难免，相反，即便是已研究过的课题，只要采取一个新的视角，采用一种新的方法，也常能得出创新的结论。
④创新点。要突出重点，突出所选课题与同类其他研究的不同之处。
英语读书报告范文大全报告作文
读书 报告 就是读完书之后的心得报告，你有没有写过英文版本的 范文 模板呢?下面是我带来英语读书报告优秀范文，希望对大家有帮助。
英语读书 报告范文 篇1：Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice is a lighthearted tale of love and marriage in eighteenth-century England. It centers on the elder sisters of the Bennet family, Jane and Elizabeth. Their personalities, misunderstandings and the roles of pride and prejudice play a lavishing story. This story is told from third point of view. From my perspective Jane Austen wanted to convey love wins over prejudice and to not just take in the saying of first impression but to look in the person’s character deeper. Jane Austin was born in 1775 in Stevenson, Hampshire. Her family wasn’t rich but managed to give her a decent education. She was the seventh of eight children of her father, a clergyman. Like other young women of her social class, Jane and her sister Cassandra were educated mostly at home in subjects of music, drawing, painting, needlework, and social behavior. Her father’s encouragement and her own enjoyment in reading led Jane to became very well read. At fourteen she began to write little plays for home theatricals. She also wrote nonsense story’s to entertain her family. Jane would spend the majority of the evening in the corner of the room with her manuscript and blotter observing the world surrounding her. She would write when the room was quiet and if she were interrupted, she would cover her manuscript with a blotter and continued when the room was silent again. Before Jane Austen died of cancer in 1817 at Winchester, she had already published six successful novels: Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Northanger Abbey, Mansfield Park, Emma, and Persuasion, respectively. Jane Austen is now buried in the ancient cathedral in Winchester of her native Hampshire. Pride and Prejudice lets you travel through lives back then but also she portrays the lives of modern days. You can read it and you might be able to recall some parts of the book as your life, but in a different time period
英语读书报告范文篇2：I have been reading a book for many days. The books name is CAT AND MOUSE IN A HAUNTED HOUSE. It is telling about Geronimo Stilton who is a newspaper mouse who runs newspaper in New Mouse City—the capital of Mouse island.
On one night of October, he decided to visit his aunt, Sweetfur. But he got lost when he was driving through the Dark Forest because of the foggy. Then his car was out of gas. He thought “I wish I was at home”.
Suddenly there was a lightning in the sky and he saw a big castle. When he walked closer to the front door, he saw two stone cats and a sign that says: To Canny Cat’s castle. The door bell was in one stone cat’s mouth. When Geronimo was deciding to go into the castle, it starts to rain, so he went into the castle……
At last Geronimo’s sister, little nephew Benjamin and his cousin Trap all came and helped him find out all of two little cat. They don’t want others to come into the castle because the castle is their ancestor Canny Cat’s. So they make many tricks.
After reading this story, I think it’s very interesting, and I had a lot of fun. My favorite character is Geronimo’s nephew Benjamin. Because he is very cute and clever, he always observes every detail. He found out the foot prink on the floor and the nail on the wall. In the story it shows Geronimo is a very timid mouse that always scared himself.
I like this story very much, so I’ll still read more this set of book.
英语读书报告范文篇3：简爱Oliver Twist, one of the most famous works of Charles Dickens’, is a novel reflecting the tragic fact of the life in Britain in 18th century.
The author who himself was born in a poor family wrote this novel in his twenties with a view to reveal the ugly masks of those cruel criminals and to expose the horror and violence hidden underneath the narrow and dirty streets in London.
The hero of this novel was Oliver Twist, an orphan, who was thrown into a world full of poverty and crime. He suffered enormous pain, such as hunger, thirst, beating and abuse. While reading the tragic experiences of the little Oliver, I was shocked by his sufferings. I felt for the poor boy, but at the same time I detested the evil Fagin and the brutal Bill. To my relief, as was written in all the best stories, the goodness eventually conquered devil and Oliver lived a happy life in the end. One of the plots that attracted me most is that after the theft, little Oliver was allowed to recover in the kind care of Mrs. Maylie and Rose and began a new life. He went for walks with them, or Rose read to him, and he worked hard at his lessons. He felt as if he had left behind forever the world of crime and hardship and poverty.
How can such a little boy who had already suffered oppressive affliction remain pure in body and mind? The reason is the nature of goodness. I think it is the most important information implied in the novel by Dickens-he believed that goodness could conquer every difficulty. Although I don’t think goodness is omnipotent, yet I do believe that those who are kind-hearted live more happily than those who are evil-minded.
For me, the nature of goodness is one of the most necessary character for a person. Goodness is to humans what water is to fish. He who is without goodness is an utterly worthless person. On the contrary, as the famous saying goes, ‘The fragrance always stays in the hand that gives the rose’, he who is with goodness undoubtedly is a happy and useful person. People receiving his help are grateful to him and he also gets gratified from what he has done, and thus he can do good to both the people he has helped and himself.
To my disappointment, nowadays some people seem to doubt the existence of the goodness in humanity. They look down on people’s honesty and kindness, thinking it foolish of people to be warm-hearted. As a result, they show no sympathy to those who are in trouble and seldom offer to help others. On the other hand, they attach importance to money and benefit. In their opinion, money is the only real object while emotions and morality are nihility. If they cannot get profit from showing their ‘kindness’, they draw back when others are faced with trouble and even hit a man when he is down. They are one of the sorts that I really detest.
Francis Bacon said in his essay, ‘Goodness, of all virtues and dignities of the mind, is the greatest, being the character of the Deity, and without it, man is a busy, mischievous, wretched thing, no better than a kind of vermin.’
That is to say a person without goodness is destined to lose everything. Therefore, I, a kind person, want to tell those ‘vermin-to-be’ to learn from the kind Oliver and regain the nature of goodness.
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什么是一报告两评议呀
一报告两评议，即地方党委常委会向全委会报告工作时，要专题报告年度干部选拔任用工作情况，并在全委会委员中对干部选拔任用工作进行民主评议，评议结果报上级党委组织部门；探索开展全委会委员对本级党委新提拔的党政主要领导干部进行民主测评的工作。
扩展资料：
“一报告两评议”是对选人用人工作的“定期体检”，对于发现选人用人中存在的问题、规范选人用人工作起到了积极作用。一些满意率偏低的地方和单位，通过深入查找选人用人工作中存在的突出问题并认真整改，有效提高了选人用人工作水平；一些不满意率偏高的新提拔干部，通过不断改正自身不足，逐步得到了大家的认可。
同时，调研中也发现“一报告两评议”工作在实践中遇到了一些新情况新问题，需要采取有效措施加以解决。
