美国历史上的人吃人事件是怎样的
美国历史上的人吃人事件
世纪40年代，美国爆发了一次到西部淘金的移民大潮，人们从四面八方涌向加利福尼亚。“当纳聚会”就是前往加利福尼亚的又一次长途跋涉之旅，也是惨烈的“死亡之旅”。
1846年夏天，数队人马自福特布里奇朝加州进发。在“当纳聚会”开始前不久，由哈斯廷斯本人率领的队伍也出发了，他们计划走捷径。然而，当他们抵达福特布里奇时，却发现哈斯廷斯的队伍早就走了。少了哈斯廷斯这个向导，这群人中有一部分只好选择了更被人熟知的传统路线，另一部分人则坚持要走哈斯廷斯所倡导的捷径。最终，总共有87人分别乘坐23辆马车驶上捷径。他们此行之所以被称为“当纳聚会”，是因为他们选举乔治·当纳为队长。7月31日，他们离开福特布里奇，踏上了漫漫征途。
两个星期之后，“当纳聚会”就首遭重创。当时，他们刚刚到达犹他州瓦沙其山那灌木丛生的陡峭斜坡。这里的地势异常艰险，为了翻过山崖，成员们首先得为马车开辟道路，他们汗流浃背地辛苦了16天，才走出了不到60公里的道路，而此时他们全都已累得筋疲力尽。直到9月30日，他们终于抵达内华达州，出现在与传统路线的汇合处。
到11月1日，他们艰难万分地抵达特纳基湖(后来被命名为当纳湖)。特纳基湖海拔1800多米，早在10月底，这里就已是大雪纷飞，现在又发生了严重的雪暴。当成员们试图翻越高达2200米的山口时，却发现他们来得太迟，已没有能力战胜猛烈的雪暴。他们不得不在湖边面对漫长而严酷的冬季。更要命的是，他们的口粮已所剩无几。甚至在到达特纳基湖之前，死神就已开始光顾“当纳聚会”：8月29日，鲁克·哈罗兰死了，很可能是死于肺结核；10月5日，詹姆斯·里德在自卫时，用刀误杀了约翰·斯尼德；3天后，刘易斯·凯斯伯格将搭乘便车的老人哈德库珀赶下了车，而大多数队员竟然都拒绝停下车来寻找这位老人；10月13日之后的某一天，两个德国移民又为谋财而将另一个德国人杀死；10月20日，威廉·派克被他的舅子因擦枪走火而误杀。
此外，早些时候有4名成员离队前往萨茨堡寻找给养和救助。其中一个叫查尔斯·斯坦顿的人于10月19日返回，并带回了食物和两个印第安人。由此，在原有的87人中，有79人外加两个印第安人被困在了冬季的当纳湖湖边。饥寒交迫的队员们很快就将剩下的食物消耗殆尽。然后，他们开始杀牲取食。接着，他们又吃掉了自己的狗。最后，他们将兽皮和毛毯熬成胶状的汤来食用。10月16日，24岁的巴利·威廉第一个被饿死。同一天，成员中身体最强壮的15人穿上自制的雪靴，冒着严寒离开营地，希望能寻到帮助。在这10个男人中，有4人把家人丢在了后面；而在这5个女人中，有3
人丢下了自己的孩子。出外逃生的第六天，精疲力竭的斯坦顿让其他14人继续往前走，自己则留下来面对死神。到了第十九天，这剩下的14人开始公开谈论人吃人的话题。结果他们决定等某人自然死亡之后再吃掉他。这样的机会很快就出现了。23岁的单身汉安托因在睡梦中手臂不慎掉进火堆，却无人理他了。安托因就这么死去。接着是富兰克林·格雷福，然后是帕特里克·多兰，再接着是勒缪·墨菲。活着的人从尸体上割下肉并烤着吃掉，但他们都不吃自己亲戚的肉。当尸体也被消耗完之后，幸存的人又开始吃起了旧皮鞋。到了次年1月5日，23岁的杰·弗迪克死了。福斯特夫人将弗迪克的尸体吃掉。接着，已经精神失常的福斯特先生又吃掉了两名印第安人。这样，原来的15人现在只剩下7人。在经过33天雪中跋涉之后，最后剩下的7人终于抵达加利福尼亚的第一个白人定居点———当纳湖定居点。
1月31日，第一个救援小组出发前往当纳湖定居点。此后，又有3个小组出发。直到两个半月之后，“当纳聚会”成员们的苦难才告结束。而在这两个半月的时间里，又有更多的人没能逃过死神的魔爪。到2月末时，湖边营地中也出现了人吃人的现象。3月13日，当随其他13人外出寻找帮助的威廉·福斯特同第三支救援小组返回湖边营地时，发现自己的两个儿子都已被凯斯伯格和其他4人留在了原地。4月17日，最后一组救援人员到达当纳湖，此时营地里只剩下凯斯伯格一个人，其他人则全部变成了被肢解的尸体。凯斯伯格否认其他人是被他杀死的。
至此，在“当纳聚会”的87名成员中，死去的就有40人。
历史上有那些蟒蛇吃人事件
北美洲蟒蛇袭人致死案例：
1980年11月,达拉斯的1条2.6米的蟒蛇绞杀了7个月大的女婴:
An escaped 8-foot python smothered a seven-month old girl in her crib in Dallas, Texas in November 1980
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1982年内华达州的蟒蛇袭人至死事件:1个21个月大的男孩被网纹蟒杀死:
McCarty et al.(1989) reviewed this 1982 death in The Journal of Forensic Science 34(1):
A 21-month-old male was found dead in his crib.An escaped pet python snake (Python reticulatus) was found near the child on a cribside shelf.Autopsy findings included petechiae associated with asphyxial death plus puncture wounds consistent with the reptile’s teeth.This report details this 1982 death of a child in Reno, Nevada, and includes illustration of the reptile’s bite marks plus description of snake jaw mechanics in swallowing.
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1992年,在安大略1个28岁的男子被宠物蟒杀死:
An unidentified pet python “strangled” a twenty-eight year old man in Brampton, Ontario in 1992
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1993年在科罗拉多,1条长3.7米重24公斤的名叫Sally的缅甸蟒缠死了1个43公斤重的15岁男孩:
An 11-foot pet Burmese python by the name of Sally killed a 15-year-old boy in his bed in Commerce City, Colorado in 1993.The snake bit the boy on the right foot and apparently suffocated him.The fact that the boy’s fingers also were punctured and bleeding suggests that he tried to remove the snake from his foot.The snake weighed much less than the boy (24 vs. 43 kg) and showed how strong these constrictors can be.
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1993年,在路易斯安那州,1个患高血压的男子在与一条5米多长名叫ebanezer的网纹蟒的撕打中死去(也可能死于心脏病):
A man died in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana in 1993 after a fight with his pet 16-foot reticulated python named Ebanezer.The man was not constricted but may have died of a heart attack. He suffered from hypertension The man had snakebites on his arm and the snake had several knife wounds.A veterinarian treated the retic, which probably went to the Audubon Zoo in New Orleans
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1996年,纽约的19岁男青年被1条4米长20公斤重的缅甸蟒杀死:
A 13-foot 20 kg Burmese python killed a 19-year-old man in The Bronx, New York in 1996.A neighbor found him in a hallway outside his apartment with the snake wrapped around him
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1999年在伊利诺斯,1条2米半长的非洲蟒使1个3岁男孩窒息:
A 7 1/2-foot African rock python suffocated a 3-year-old boy in Centralia, Illinois in 1999.The boy had compression marks around his chest and bite marks on his neck and ears.He was sleeping with an aunt and uncle near the snake’s aquarium at the time.
-------------------------------------------------------------
2001年8月,宾夕法尼亚的1个8岁女孩被1条3米多长的缅甸蟒勒死:
Just recently, a 10-foot Burmese python strangled an 8-year-old girl in Irwin, Pennsylvania in August 2001.She fell into a coma and was declared brain-dead two days later.
-------------------------------------------------------------
历史上有那些蟒蛇吃人事件
北美洲蟒蛇袭人致死案例：
1980年11月,达拉斯的1条2.6米的蟒蛇绞杀了7个月大的女婴:
An escaped 8-foot python smothered a seven-month old girl in her crib in Dallas, Texas in November 1980
--------------------------------------------------------------
1982年内华达州的蟒蛇袭人至死事件:1个21个月大的男孩被网纹蟒杀死:
McCarty et al.(1989) reviewed this 1982 death in The Journal of Forensic Science 34(1):
A 21-month-old male was found dead in his crib.An escaped pet python snake (Python reticulatus) was found near the child on a cribside shelf.Autopsy findings included petechiae associated with asphyxial death plus puncture wounds consistent with the reptile’s teeth.This report details this 1982 death of a child in Reno, Nevada, and includes illustration of the reptile’s bite marks plus description of snake jaw mechanics in swallowing.
-------------------------------------------------------------
1992年,在安大略1个28岁的男子被宠物蟒杀死:
An unidentified pet python “strangled” a twenty-eight year old man in Brampton, Ontario in 1992
-------------------------------------------------------------
1993年在科罗拉多,1条长3.7米重24公斤的名叫Sally的缅甸蟒缠死了1个43公斤重的15岁男孩:
An 11-foot pet Burmese python by the name of Sally killed a 15-year-old boy in his bed in Commerce City, Colorado in 1993.The snake bit the boy on the right foot and apparently suffocated him.The fact that the boy’s fingers also were punctured and bleeding suggests that he tried to remove the snake from his foot.The snake weighed much less than the boy (24 vs. 43 kg) and showed how strong these constrictors can be.
-------------------------------------------------------------
1993年,在路易斯安那州,1个患高血压的男子在与一条5米多长名叫ebanezer的网纹蟒的撕打中死去(也可能死于心脏病):
A man died in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana in 1993 after a fight with his pet 16-foot reticulated python named Ebanezer.The man was not constricted but may have died of a heart attack. He suffered from hypertension The man had snakebites on his arm and the snake had several knife wounds.A veterinarian treated the retic, which probably went to the Audubon Zoo in New Orleans
---------------------------------------------------------------
1996年,纽约的19岁男青年被1条4米长20公斤重的缅甸蟒杀死:
A 13-foot 20 kg Burmese python killed a 19-year-old man in The Bronx, New York in 1996.A neighbor found him in a hallway outside his apartment with the snake wrapped around him
---------------------------------------------------------------
1999年在伊利诺斯,1条2米半长的非洲蟒使1个3岁男孩窒息:
A 7 1/2-foot African rock python suffocated a 3-year-old boy in Centralia, Illinois in 1999.The boy had compression marks around his chest and bite marks on his neck and ears.He was sleeping with an aunt and uncle near the snake’s aquarium at the time.
-------------------------------------------------------------
2001年8月,宾夕法尼亚的1个8岁女孩被1条3米多长的缅甸蟒勒死:
Just recently, a 10-foot Burmese python strangled an 8-year-old girl in Irwin, Pennsylvania in August 2001.She fell into a coma and was declared brain-dead two days later.
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