本文目录
如何短期提高托福英语口语
同学你好,
备考托福时,怎样高效备考练习托福口语一直是大家都感到头疼的问题。从ETS官方所公布的2016-2018年中国托福考生平均分与全球考生平均分,目前中国考生的口语水平一直在19-20.4分之间徘徊。
今天我会从以下三个角度为你提供托福口语提分的方法。
- 托福口语提分的5个妙招!
- 托福口语4大失分原因!
- 独立口语任务高分sample!
- 托福口语备考经验!
1. 托福口语提分的5个妙招!
1.1 口语机经很重要,独立口语旧题较多
根据以往托福考试的出题情况,在托福一个月三四次的口语考试中,独立口语基本上只有一场会是未出现过的新题,大部分仍旧是以前的考试旧题。即使不少同学担心2019年8月1号起实施的ETS托福考试新政,其中阅读、听力和口语部分的问题数量减少。ETS官方已在新政大会中明确改革后的托福口语考试将从2题独立口语缩减到1题独立口语,4题综合综合缩减到3题综合口语。所以阿伦老师建议大家可以先以托福口语旧题为练习的基本参考,再适当参考机经。增加对类似口语题答题思路的熟悉度,尽量避免碰到陌生话题时的紧张感。
1.2 答案流利饱满很重要,时间要撑满。
托福口语考试与其他英语考试不同,口语答题的时间比较短,2019年8月1号起实施的ETS托福考试新政后总共答题时间是17分钟, 新政前答题时间是20分钟。
因此阿伦老师建议大家答题时就要注意充分利用答题时间,熟练托福口语模板并加以细节补充,这样会给评分者留下比较好的印象。其中考官从两个维度考量答题者,分别是可理解度(intelligibility)以及流利度(fluency), 切记尽量不在答题的最后几秒钟时间出现空白,给评分者扣分的理由。
1.3 开放式的结尾,得分高。
在综合口语任务中,考试增加了integrated - situation based response, 就是基于学生与学生之间,学生与教职人员(faculty staff)之间的问题陈述。通常情况下考生要对问题进行描述(describe a problem), 提出解决方案(prose a problem)以及整合信息(synthesize and summarize information)有时候考生会出现在叙述最后一个理由或者细节时时间不够的情况,或者在根据听力文章进行描述时忘记了一个细节,然后剩余时间留下空白。
然而,根据ETS官方所给出的样本评分答案,最后采用开放式结尾的考生,评分者在评分时会给考生酌情评分并给出评语:The speaker has the ability to talk about it just running out time. 所以阿伦老师建议大家与其留下空白,不如来个开放式的结尾反而能给考官留下相对比较好的印象。
1.4 有头有尾,有结构。
如同托福阅读和听力考试,托福口语答题也很讲究逻辑性。在托福考试的官方expected performance中,ETS会重点去考察考生们对于主要观点的组织(organization of the major ideas), 一篇阅读文本或听力讲座中的重要信息(select important information to include the important information in a reading text or a lecture)所以在答题中加入一些表明逻辑的过渡词,关联词,比如firstly, to begin with, for instance, etc. 让答题结构显得比较清晰。同时具有层次感。最后,在最后录音结束的几秒钟答题结束,还有时间可以加上thank you 或者that‘s about it,让整个答题都有头有尾。
1.5 综合口语TASK3是关键。
除了托福独立口语,在托福综合口语答题中,相对比较简单的就是第三题。因为它主要涉及的是与校园的生活类场景相关的内容,听力文章的难度不是很大,考生可以根据文章锁定一些明显的信息点,定位出它的框架,回答时尽量不要出现信息点的遗漏。因此考生们只要熟练掌握几个考官最为关心的维度可理解度(intelligibility),流利度(fluency), 内容性(content), 连贯性(coherence)以及组织度(organization)。如果大家在Task 3中能获得GOOD的评价,那么对于难度较大学术讲座口语复述的答题压力会小一些。
特别要注意的是,托福口语评分标准中,有一项是针对托福口语低分的内容。低分的主要原因在于练习量少以及练习方法不当。也有一部分考生会刻意追求发音而忽视了口语输出的内容表达逻辑和用词用句多样性的重要性。因此想要提高托福口语的分数,以下问题不可忽略。
托福官方指南OG里明确指出,托福口语的评分准则有三大维度:表述(delivery), language use(语言使用)和topic development(话题展开能力),这三个考核并无优先等级,但每一个维度,同学们都需要做到认真准备。也需要做到扬长避短,避重就轻。
2. 托福口语4大失分原因!
2.1 题型掌握不充分
许多考生无论在独立题和综合题的准备过程中,会更多的关注口语模板而非内容质量的提升。独立口语的内容包括立场表达,分论点罗列和举例细节呈现。综合口语包括听力笔记的记录,阅读内容的总结,以及口语内容的转述。同学学生还要在相应的答题时间限制内完成输出(45秒和60秒)。所以考生们还需要在限时情况下加强内容,结构和逻辑。有了更好地备考理念和联系方法,会让你的备考与高分更接近。
2.2 发音有硬伤
中式英语对同学们来说的一大痛点就是在发音方面无法对应到托福考试的要求。在语言学中有一个专业术语就叫fossilization, 译为语言僵化,这其实是一个长期形成的问题,从小学英语过程中就有发音不标准的情况,语调升降的应用缺乏等等。这样的情况下,考生们需要在勤奋练习的过程中加强对纯正英语发音的模仿,以求在口语发音的输出上做到发音准确(accurate pronounciation), 语调有规律(intonation pattern),语义清晰(clear meaning)以及节奏平稳(stable ryhthem)。一定要避免因为发音不清、语调怪异,节奏断断续续的原因,考官需要努力去听,甚至表达含糊不清而失分。
2.3 独立题语料准备不足
由于独立题的准备时间只有短短15秒,对于大多数同学而言,为了避免出现话题的苍白感,无法迅速地进行题目和准备语料的精准匹配和调整,从而出现了许多的临场发挥情况。其实独立题的准备过程中大家都要进行因题而适。托福口语的独立题主要方向是人/事/物/地。在准备的过程中可以针对这四个方面进行梳理。有条理有规划地进行系统性复习从而避免由于准备不充分而造成的失分现象。
2.4 综合口语笔记硬伤
有较多的同学在综合口语部分记笔记部分会缺失细节,无法抓住听力的重点和筛选听力中的细节,如果因为笔记不足而造成口语内容的不完整性。需要在进行笔记的针对性训练,对于内容的丰富性和结构的完整性,大家可以参考阿伦老师的一篇文章《#教书匠阿伦# 托福口语怎样体现内容丰富性和结构的完整性?》
3. 独立口语任务高分sample!
正面示范:
对于题目所给的话题能说的内容比较少,回答很有局限性。
例如:Task 1:
The university decides to remodel the dormitory and add a new space to it. Which space do you recommend to add in your dormitory?
1. cafe
2. study room
3. game room
回答:
Firstly, having a game room in the dorm means that students have a proper place to relax. When they are under pressure, they could just play table tennis in the game room with friends instead of relieving stress in a negative way, such as drinking or partying all night that disturbs other students
Secondly, adding a game room to the dorm shows that the university actually cares for students. Instead of pushing the students to study everyday and everywhere, the university should act to let students know that it’s ok to have some fun and relax under their daily academic pressure, thich is beneficial to students
这样的回答就直接说明了增加game room的好处进行了深入分析,比如能够放松平日紧张的学习,比如可以增加对学生的照顾。
反面示范和修改意见
很多同学都会在备考时背诵一些模版,不过在回答时还是很容易单纯的夸赞某个事物的好,但是却不知道怎样将它的好和为什么对应起来。
例如:Some people believe it is important to learn a second language while others don’t believe it is necessary. Which one do you agree with and why?
观点:同意应该学习一门外语;
回答:了解外国文化,并且可以和更多的外国人交朋友。
但是这样的回答只是说明了学习一门外语的好处,却没有解释为何它很重要。只是谈论它的好处,却没有说明为什么要去了解外国文化,以及交外国朋友。
例如:TASK2:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Kids should be allowed to keep pets. 20190224真题
态度:Disagree
1. External motivate-study harder
2. Learn about children-hide scores-offer help
Having a pet is good for a child s mental and physical development(精神与身体发展). Take a pet dog as an example (举例). A dog needs to be walked every day. As a pet owner, a child should take responsibility for the dog, including walking him and taking him out every day. This could encourage the child to go outside more (细节呈现)。Kids would therefore spend less time with electronics and more time doing exercise . Also a pet can make kids feel loved.Many parents are busy with work and have little time to keep their children company. A pet can be an excellent alternative. Through playing with pets, children will feel less lonely and more emotionally secure. (总结话题)This sense of security will help them build healthy relationships in the future.
4. 托福口语备考经验分享
4.1 零基础备考
托福口语备考中常见的问题就三个:说不出、说不准、说不好。这三个问题后两个才是用积累的口语表达解决的问题。“说不出”的问题,阿伦老师认为是完全可以依靠自己的准备进行突破。
若是英语基本口语还不知道怎么说,直接用OG或者TPO题目练习会让大家很有挫败感。所以大家可以根据自己的时间从基础训练开始,再到强化训练阶段。
在基础训练阶段,可以先从新概念1-4开始,一般大部分同学都可以从第2册开始就行,第1册是初中生的水平。大家可以把新概念上面的对话都看懂看会,了解一些正规的段子。虽然作文和托福口语有很多说法不太相同,但是推荐这套书主要是因为该套书上面的段子和句式可以让大家基本能够和老外无障碍沟通。
2. 有一定基础备考
让学生说准,说地道,是口语教学中工作量最大的部分。我们建议学生系统性地进行备考。大家看到题目没想法,或者是有一个大概的想法,但是不知道怎么良好地表达。这个问题最好的解决方案是:学习逻辑思维+大量阅读。
若是有同学有一些口语基础,那么很有可能说不太好的原因在于中文思维。由于托福时间答题时间有限,特别是15秒,很多同学会反应不过来,在此建议大家还是要多开口多练习,也没有别的什么窍门。刚开始大家可以把题目内容写一下,也不用按照规定的答题时间15秒,将自己的回答录音下来然后自己听一下语音语调,最好不计时回答一下所有的题目,然后再循序渐进进行计时练习。
3. 瓶颈期应尝试多源练习
不过有条件的话大家也可以找外教或是口语一对一课程进行对话练习。的确,开不了口的感觉是很难受的,刚开始进行口语课程对话会很紧张,听不懂就容易大脑空白。但是还是要鼓起勇气踏出第一步,说多了就不会紧张害怕了,并且还会越来越流畅的,有时候会有一些难词,但是可以根据上下词或是别的词来推测对方的意思。除此之外,大家也可以找点美剧电影看,很多美剧都会涉及到基本口语对话,熟悉之后也能帮助提高大家的开口能力。
本答案持续更新中,阿伦老师希望可以帮助到更多的托福考生!
求一篇英文的新闻报道,要最新的
As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind. Our bodies grow and muscles develop with the intake of adequate nutritious food. Likewise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain our keen mental power and expand our intellectual capacity. Constant learning supplies us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to sharpen our power of reasoning, analysis, and judgment. Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep pace with the times in the information age, and an infallible warrant of success in times of uncertainty. Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a common fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge. On the contrary, learning should be a never-ending process, from the cradle to the grave. With the world ever changing so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. What’s worse, the animalistic instinct dormant deep in our subconsciousness will come to life, weakening our will to pursue our noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to our success and strangling our desire for the refinement of our character. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization, Therefore, to stay mentally young, we have to take learning as a lifelong career. 学习之于心灵,就像食物之于身体一样。摄取了适量的营养食物,我们的身体得以生长而肌肉得以发达。同样地,我们应该日复一日不断地学习以保持我们敏锐的心智能力,并扩充我们的智力容量。不断的学习提供我们用不尽的燃料,来驱使我们磨利我们的推理、分析和判断的能力。持续的学习是在信息时代中跟时代并驾齐驱的最稳当的方法,也是在变动的世代中成功的可靠保证。 一旦学习停止,单调贫乏的生活就开始了。视学校为汲取知识的唯一场所是种常见的谬误。相反地,学习应该是一种无终止的历程,从生到死。由于世界一直快速地在变动,只要学习停顿数日就将使人落后。更糟的是,蛰伏在我们潜意识深处的兽性本能就会复活,削弱我们追求高贵理想的意志,弱化我们扫除成功障碍的决心,而且扼杀我们净化我们人格的欲望。缺少学习将不可避免地导致心灵的停滞,甚至更糟地,使其僵化。因此,为了保持心理年轻,我们必须将学习当作一生的事业。 2.heavy schoolwork【课业繁重】 In my opinion, the schoolwork now being assigned to high school students is too heavy. While it is true that students need to study, they need other things as well if they are to grow into healthy and well-rounded adults. High should be allowed more time for play. Playing is not wasting time, as some think. It gives them physical exercise, and also exercise their imagination. Which tends to be stifled by too much study. Finally, the pressure put on high school students by excessive schoolwork can cause serious stress, which is unhealthy physically and mentally. I do not advocate the elimination of schoolwork. I do think, however, that a reduction of the current heavy load would be beneficial to students and to the society as a whole. 我认为目前高中生的课业实在太重了,虽然说学生的确应当念书,但是要想长大成为健全的人,他门还需要一些其它的东西,所以应该给高中生较多从事娱乐的时间。娱乐并不如某些人所想的,是在浪费时间,它可以让学生锻炼身体,发挥被繁重课业扼杀的想象力。此外,繁重的课业加诸在高中生身上的压力可能引起严重的情绪紧张,这对身心都有害。我并非主张废除学校课业,但是我认为减轻目前繁重的课业对于学生和整个社会都是有益的。 3.Time【时间】 Lost time is never found again. This is something which I learned very clearly last semester. I spent so much time fooling around that my grades began to suffer. I finally realized that something had to be done. It was time for a change. Now I have a new plan for using my time wisely. I have set my alarm clock ahead half an hour. This will give me a head start on the day. I have also decided to keep a log of what I do and when I do it. Looking back on what I’ve done will give me some ideas on how to reorganize my time. 时光一去不复返,这是我上学期清楚学到的教训。我浪费很多时间四处游荡,以致于我的成绩开始退步。最后我终于了解到我必须有所作为;该是痛改前非的时候了。 现在我有一个明智运用时间的新方法。我已将闹钟早拨半小时,这将使我这一天的作息提前开始。我也决定将我所做的一切及做这些事的时间记录下来。回顾我所做的事情会启发我如何重新安排我的时间。 4.Work and Play【工作与娱乐】 Work and play do not contradict each other; in fact, they complement each other. As the saying goes, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.“ A life burdened with work leads you nowhere, for you would get tired and bored with your daily routine work. On the other hand, proper recreation will relieve the tension and discomfort of our monotonous life because it offers you various ways to let out your pent-up emotions. What I usually do to relax after school is jogging and seeing movies. Usually I don’t spare time for exercise, but I value the physical education class at school. Jogging several rounds in the field certainly relieves the day’s pressure. On weekends, I’ll catch the morning movie for my visual enjoyment. I feel revived and energetic for another week’s work-load. 工作与娱乐并不互相冲突,事实上,它们之间的关系还相辅相成。有句格言说:「整日工作而没有休闲娱乐,会令人变得沉闷乏味。」被工作重担压得喘不过气来的生活,将使你一事无成,因为你将对一成不变的例行公事感到厌烦。由另一方面来说,适度的娱乐活动能提供各种管道,来渲泄你被压抑的情绪,减轻单调生活中的紧张与不悦。 放学之后,我最常做的休闲活动,便是慢跑与看电影。通常我并不特地拨出时间来做运动,但是我很重视学校的体育课。在操场上慢跑几圈,无疑地可以减轻一天的压力。在周末时,我都去看早场电影,享受视觉飨宴。如此一来,我将有如再生般的充沛活力,去面对下一星期的工作量。 5.My first Job【我的第一份工作】 My first job was at a cramming school. It was three years ago when I just graduated from junior high school and finished the entrance examination. since I had nothing to do that summer, I decided to find a job, tasting the joy of independence. I was responsible for answering the telephone and taking the message. I worked eight hours a day, six days a week. The work was not difficult nor heavy to me and I guess I did well. The most delighted thing was perhaps that I could spend the money I earned all by myself. 我的第一份工作是在一家补习班做事。那是三年前我刚从国中毕业,考完联考时的事了。既然我那整个夏天都闲着没事,倒不如找份差事,尝尝独立赚钱的快乐。 我负责接听电话且纪录留言的工作。我一天工作八小时,一星期工作六天。那份工作对我而言既不困难亦不沉重,所以我想我还满称职的。而最令人快乐的事大概莫过于花全部由自己赚来的钱了! 6.My Favorite Sports【我最喜爱的运动】 Sports help everyone to keep healthy, happy, and efficient. So I pay special attention to games, especially table-tennis. Table tennis is my favorite game. I play it almost every day. Table-tennis is an ideal game us because it brings the whole body into action. It strengthens our muscles, expands our lungs, promotes the circulation of the blood, and causes a healthy action of the skin. Besides, it is very amusing and does not cost us much money. Table-tennis is very moderate; it is not so rough as football. It is an indoor game and can be played even on rainy days. Thus, it is my favorite kind of exercise. 运动能帮助每一个人保持健康、快乐和有效率。所以我特别重视运动,特别是桌球,桌球是我最喜欢的运动。我几乎每天玩。 桌球对我们而言,是一项理想的运动,因为它可以使我们全身运动,它可以增强我们的肌肉,扩张我们的肺部,促进血液循环,并且使肌肤产生健康作用,此外,它很有趣而且所费不多。桌球是相当温和适中的,它不像足球那么粗野。它是一种室内运动,甚至在下雨天也能玩。因此,桌球是我最喜爱的一种运动。 希望能对你有所帮助~~:) Fox and cock One morning a fox sees a
cock.He
think,“This is my breakfast.’’ He comes up to the cock and says,“I know you can sing verywell.Can
you sing for me?’’The cock isglad.He
closes his eyes and begins tosing.The
fox sees that and caches him in his mouth and carries him away. The people in the field see thefox.They
cry,“Look,look!The fox is carrying the cock away.’’The cock says to the fox,“Mr Fox,do you understand?The people say you are carrying their cockaway.Tell
them it isyours.Not
theirs.’’ The fox opens his mouth ang says,“The cock is mine,not yours.’’Just then the cock runs away from the fox and flies into the tree. 狐狸和公鸡 一天早上,一只狐狸看到了一只公鸡。他想:这是我的早餐。 他朝公鸡走来,对他说:“我知道,你能唱得非常好听,你能唱给我听么?”公鸡很高兴。他闭上眼睛开始唱歌。狐狸看到这些抓住它放到自己的嘴里走了。 在田地里的人们看到了狐狸。大喊大叫:“看,看!狐狸抓住公鸡逃走了。”公鸡对狐狸说:“狐狸先生,你能理解么?人们认为你叼走了公鸡。告诉他们这是你的,不是他们的。” 狐狸张开她的嘴说:“公鸡是我的,不是你们的。”就在那时,。公鸡跑到了树底下。为什么有人会说到了大学,英语水平只会下降水平不应该是越来越高吗
我觉得体现英语水平有两种,一种是实际应用水平,也就是我们常说的口语交际水平;还有一种是应试水平,也就是我们常说的英语等级考试。进入大学以后,除了少数学生想通过继续学习进而从事外贸,或者进入外企、或者选择当翻译等等主要使用英语交流的职业外,他们的英语水平显然是有进步的,但是这些仅仅是少数,而且一般都是从事英语专业学习的;但是我们放眼普通的大学,虽然也设有英语学科,但是他们对于英语学习的兴趣、热情已经完全改变了,学习英语已经完全成为一种可有可无的功课了,完全失去了高中阶段因为必须要参加高考、必须要计入总分这样的一个残酷的现实之中,那是学习英语简直可以用疯狂形容,可现在呢,即使偶尔考什么等级证书,也完全是为了证书而已,所以进入大学以后,英语的实际水平大多数是下降的。
求五篇关于最近时事新闻的英语短文
As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind. Our bodies grow and muscles develop with the intake of adequate nutritious food. Likewise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain our keen mental power and expand our intellectual capacity. Constant learning supplies us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to sharpen our power of reasoning, analysis, and judgment. Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep pace with the times in the information age, and an infallible warrant of success in times of uncertainty. Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a common fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge. On the contrary, learning should be a never-ending process, from the cradle to the grave. With the world ever changing so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. What’s worse, the animalistic instinct dormant deep in our subconsciousness will come to life, weakening our will to pursue our noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to our success and strangling our desire for the refinement of our character. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization, Therefore, to stay mentally young, we have to take learning as a lifelong career. 学习之于心灵,就像食物之于身体一样.摄取了适量的营养食物,我们的身体得以生长而肌肉得以发达.同样地,我们应该日复一日不断地学习以保持我们敏锐的心智能力,并扩充我们的智力容量.不断的学习提供我们用不尽的燃料,来驱使我们磨利我们的推理、分析和判断的能力.持续的学习是在信息时代中跟时代并驾齐驱的最稳当的方法,也是在变动的世代中成功的可靠保证. 一旦学习停止,单调贫乏的生活就开始了.视学校为汲取知识的唯一场所是种常见的谬误.相反地,学习应该是一种无终止的历程,从生到死.由于世界一直快速地在变动,只要学习停顿数日就将使人落后.更糟的是,蛰伏在我们潜意识深处的兽性本能就会复活,削弱我们追求高贵理想的意志,弱化我们扫除成功障碍的决心,而且扼杀我们净化我们人格的欲望.缺少学习将不可避免地导致心灵的停滞,甚至更糟地,使其僵化.因此,为了保持心理年轻,我们必须将学习当作一生的事业